Hledejte v chronologicky řazené databázi studijních materiálů (starší / novější příspěvky).

Computers in general 5.

Computers in general 5.

How do computers help us?

Air, railway, ship traffic and military operations (army) and complicated surgical operations (medicine) can be hardly performed without use of computers. In factories - CAD (computer-aided design), CAE (computer-aided engineering), CAM (computer-aided manufacturing). In offices - Office pack serves for administrative work.
In banks - to carry out complicated financial transactions at high speed. In sports - to record results of competitions, current positions of sportsmen / riders. Entertainment - games, song lyrics, music, animation.
Communication – to connect people around the world (Internet, e-mail).

How can computers be misused?

Shooting and adventure games have a bad influence on children - they instruct them how to be aggressive and violent. Computers can be misused by robbers to make illegal transactions of large amounts of money.

By hackers who via Internet break into your computer, steal your personal data and misuse them, who produce computer viruses which can cause the collapse of big companies.
By terrorists to plan & perform terrorist actions (the attack of Al Kaida on the World Trade Center).

Computers in general 5.

Computers in general 5.

How do computers help us?

Air, railway, ship traffic and military operations (army) and complicated surgical operations (medicine) can be hardly performed without use of computers. In factories - CAD (computer-aided design), CAE (computer-aided engineering), CAM (computer-aided manufacturing). In offices - Office pack serves for administrative work.
In banks - to carry out complicated financial transactions at high speed. In sports - to record results of competitions, current positions of sportsmen / riders. Entertainment - games, song lyrics, music, animation.
Communication – to connect people around the world (Internet, e-mail).

How can computers be misused?

Shooting and adventure games have a bad influence on children - they instruct them how to be aggressive and violent. Computers can be misused by robbers to make illegal transactions of large amounts of money.

By hackers who via Internet break into your computer, steal your personal data and misuse them, who produce computer viruses which can cause the collapse of big companies.
By terrorists to plan & perform terrorist actions (the attack of Al Kaida on the World Trade Center).

Computers – Internet 4.

Computers – Internet 4.

6. What is e-mail and what is it used for?
E-mail is short for electronic mail. It is a personal connection to the Internet.
It is used for instant sending and receiving electronic mail. (It can include text, pictures or even audio or animation. Communication software for sending and receiving e-mail is Outlook Express.)

7. What is communication software for Internet represented by?
Communication software for Internet is represented by browsers (prohlížeče). The most popular
Internet browser is shipped with Windows package now – it is Microsoft Internet Explorer.

8. What is so-called home page on Internet?
After launching Microsoft Internet Explorer it automatically displays the so-called home page,
i.e. the web page you always start from.

9. What is hyperlink and what is it used for?
It is a highlighted part of text or picture on the screen.
By clicking a hyperlink you move to the web page of another user.

10. What is the difference between online and offline work?
When Microsoft Internet Explorer works online it is displaying the current information from the web page.When it works offline it is displaying the information stored on your

Computers – Internet 4.

Computers – Internet 4.

6. What is e-mail and what is it used for?
E-mail is short for electronic mail. It is a personal connection to the Internet.
It is used for instant sending and receiving electronic mail. (It can include text, pictures or even audio or animation. Communication software for sending and receiving e-mail is Outlook Express.)

7. What is communication software for Internet represented by?
Communication software for Internet is represented by browsers (prohlížeče). The most popular
Internet browser is shipped with Windows package now – it is Microsoft Internet Explorer.

8. What is so-called home page on Internet?
After launching Microsoft Internet Explorer it automatically displays the so-called home page,
i.e. the web page you always start from.

9. What is hyperlink and what is it used for?
It is a highlighted part of text or picture on the screen.
By clicking a hyperlink you move to the web page of another user.

10. What is the difference between online and offline work?
When Microsoft Internet Explorer works online it is displaying the current information from the web page.When it works offline it is displaying the information stored on your

Computers – Internet 3.

Computers – Internet 3.

1. Who first developed Internet?
It was the army who first developed Internet for military purposes and only later it was used also for world-wide communication in the civil sector.

2. What is Internet?
Internet is one of the most interesting and most important contemporary media. It reminds of
a spider web spread around the whole planet which electronically connects millions of computers.

3. What are other names for Internet?
Internet is also called a world-wide web (www) or simply Net (short for Internet).

4. What is Internet used for? (give the main functions)
(a) for communication with one or many people on the opposite side of the Earth at the same time.
(b) for looking up information: it can provide millions of pages on almost all fields of human activity.
(c) for entertainment: you can find there games, song lyrics or jokes.
(d) for searching addresses: if you don’t know the exact address where to find particular information.

5. What special programs can you use for searching addresses? (give specific names)
For searching addresses, the following searching programs can be used: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country

Computers – Internet 3.

Computers – Internet 3.

1. Who first developed Internet?
It was the army who first developed Internet for military purposes and only later it was used also for world-wide communication in the civil sector.

2. What is Internet?
Internet is one of the most interesting and most important contemporary media. It reminds of
a spider web spread around the whole planet which electronically connects millions of computers.

3. What are other names for Internet?
Internet is also called a world-wide web (www) or simply Net (short for Internet).

4. What is Internet used for? (give the main functions)
(a) for communication with one or many people on the opposite side of the Earth at the same time.
(b) for looking up information: it can provide millions of pages on almost all fields of human activity.
(c) for entertainment: you can find there games, song lyrics or jokes.
(d) for searching addresses: if you don’t know the exact address where to find particular information.

5. What special programs can you use for searching addresses? (give specific names)
For searching addresses, the following searching programs can be used: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country

Computers – Internet 2.

Computers – Internet 2.

Communication software for Internet is represented by browsers (prohlížeče). The most popular Internetbrowser is shipped (se dodává) with Windows package now – it is Microsoft Internet Explorer. After launching Microsoft Internet Explorer, it automatically displays the so-called home page, it means any web page you set as the page you always start from.

Other pages can be reached by clicking hyperlinks (hypertextové odkazy – highlighted parts of text or pictures generally used to move to related web pages) or by directly typing the page’s address in the address bar.

Microsoft Internet Explorer can work online, displaying the current information from the web page, or offline, displaying the information stored on your local hard disc or compact disk.

Computers – Internet 2.

Computers – Internet 2.

Communication software for Internet is represented by browsers (prohlížeče). The most popular Internetbrowser is shipped (se dodává) with Windows package now – it is Microsoft Internet Explorer. After launching Microsoft Internet Explorer, it automatically displays the so-called home page, it means any web page you set as the page you always start from.

Other pages can be reached by clicking hyperlinks (hypertextové odkazy – highlighted parts of text or pictures generally used to move to related web pages) or by directly typing the page’s address in the address bar.

Microsoft Internet Explorer can work online, displaying the current information from the web page, or offline, displaying the information stored on your local hard disc or compact disk.

Computers – Internet 1.


Computers – Internet


Computers have become part of our everyday life. During last years, rapid development of computer and information technology took place - this gave rise to Internet. At first, Internet was developed for the needs of army and only later it was used also for world-wide communication in the civil sector.

Internet is one of the most interesting and most important contemporary media. It reminds of a spider web spread around the whole planet (therefore it is called world-wide web) which connects millions of computers of those people who want to join it. Via Internet it is possible to communicate with one or many people on the opposite side of the Earth at the same time, it is possible to use the Net (as it is sometimes called) for instant sending and receiving electronic mail (e-mail).

E-mail is an electronic personal connection to the Internet. It can include text, pictures or even audio or animation. Communication software for sending and receiving e-mail is Outlook Express.

Internet is most widely used for looking up information. It can provide millions of pages on almost all fields of human activity you need to know something about.

Yet, Internet is not used just for information and serious matters: you can use it also for entertainment: you can find there games, song lyrics or jokes.

If you don’t know the exact address where to find particular information, you can use special programs for searching addresses: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country.

Computers – Internet 1.


Computers – Internet


Computers have become part of our everyday life. During last years, rapid development of computer and information technology took place - this gave rise to Internet. At first, Internet was developed for the needs of army and only later it was used also for world-wide communication in the civil sector.

Internet is one of the most interesting and most important contemporary media. It reminds of a spider web spread around the whole planet (therefore it is called world-wide web) which connects millions of computers of those people who want to join it. Via Internet it is possible to communicate with one or many people on the opposite side of the Earth at the same time, it is possible to use the Net (as it is sometimes called) for instant sending and receiving electronic mail (e-mail).

E-mail is an electronic personal connection to the Internet. It can include text, pictures or even audio or animation. Communication software for sending and receiving e-mail is Outlook Express.

Internet is most widely used for looking up information. It can provide millions of pages on almost all fields of human activity you need to know something about.

Yet, Internet is not used just for information and serious matters: you can use it also for entertainment: you can find there games, song lyrics or jokes.

If you don’t know the exact address where to find particular information, you can use special programs for searching addresses: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country.

My daily routine

My daily routine

Angličtina pro samouky

I usually get up at 6 o’clock. I wash my face and hands, brush my teeth, dry with a towel, dress, comb and have a quick breakfast.

At 6.30 I leave for school. I usually go by bus/trolley bus/tram/train or I walk. Sometimes my father takes me by his car or I ride my motorbike.

At noon we have our lunch (at 11.30 or 12.20). Many times we have afternoon lessons too.
I come home at 4 o’clock. I have my dinner and take a little bit rest. Then I study for the lessons of the next day, listen to music and watch television. I usually go to bed at 10 o’clock.

In my free time I work with a computer, play football, floorball, basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis (table-tennis), badminton or I swim.I drive a motorbike, ride a horse, read books (science fiction, novels, detective stories), magazines (Level, Score…) and newspapers. In winter I ski, skate and play ice-hockey.

My hobbies are collecting stamps, posters and badges, playing chess, playing the piano and guitar, painting, hiking, mountaineering, cycling, roller-skating, skateboarding, modelling...

My daily routine

My daily routine

Angličtina pro samouky

I usually get up at 6 o’clock. I wash my face and hands, brush my teeth, dry with a towel, dress, comb and have a quick breakfast.

At 6.30 I leave for school. I usually go by bus/trolley bus/tram/train or I walk. Sometimes my father takes me by his car or I ride my motorbike.

At noon we have our lunch (at 11.30 or 12.20). Many times we have afternoon lessons too.
I come home at 4 o’clock. I have my dinner and take a little bit rest. Then I study for the lessons of the next day, listen to music and watch television. I usually go to bed at 10 o’clock.

In my free time I work with a computer, play football, floorball, basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis (table-tennis), badminton or I swim.I drive a motorbike, ride a horse, read books (science fiction, novels, detective stories), magazines (Level, Score…) and newspapers. In winter I ski, skate and play ice-hockey.

My hobbies are collecting stamps, posters and badges, playing chess, playing the piano and guitar, painting, hiking, mountaineering, cycling, roller-skating, skateboarding, modelling...

My daily programme 3.

My daily programme 3.

I am very happy when the week ends and a weekend comes because I can sleep late and I can plan my leisure time as I wish. Besides helping my parents around the house I can go to the cinema, to see an interesting exhibition or I can go out with my friends or visit my relatives or I can devote more time to my hobbies.

(My hobbies are hiking, mountaineering (rock climbing), cycling, roller-skating, skateboarding, collecting stamps, playing chess, playing the piano and guitar, painting…)

My daily programme 3.

My daily programme 3.

I am very happy when the week ends and a weekend comes because I can sleep late and I can plan my leisure time as I wish. Besides helping my parents around the house I can go to the cinema, to see an interesting exhibition or I can go out with my friends or visit my relatives or I can devote more time to my hobbies.

(My hobbies are hiking, mountaineering (rock climbing), cycling, roller-skating, skateboarding, collecting stamps, playing chess, playing the piano and guitar, painting…)

My daily programme 2.

My daily programme 2.

At noon we go for our lunch to the dining hall. We usually have soup and main meal plus a glass of tea, sometimes we get some dessert or fruit. Some students prefer buying some- thing in the canteen. After lunch we often have afternoon lessons.

On my way home I sometimes do some shopping or just walk around town. When I come home, I try to relax first. I listen to the radio or cassette player and sit and take a little bit rest. Then I help at home and prepare for the next school day.

In my free time I work with my computer, play football (basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis, badminton) or swim. I like driving my motorbike, reading books (science fiction, novels, detective stories, travels), magazines and newspapers. In winter I ski, skate and play ice-hockey with my friends.

We have our supper at seven o’clock and then I help Mum with washing up. In the evenings I take a shower or have a bath. Then I go to my room and listen to music. Sometimes I watch an interesting film or music programme on TV or a video. From time to time I travel to the city and go to the cinema or to some interesting concert or theatre performance with my friends. Occasionally I have a date with my girl-friend. Around eleven p.m. I go to bed.

My daily programme 2.

My daily programme 2.

At noon we go for our lunch to the dining hall. We usually have soup and main meal plus a glass of tea, sometimes we get some dessert or fruit. Some students prefer buying some- thing in the canteen. After lunch we often have afternoon lessons.

On my way home I sometimes do some shopping or just walk around town. When I come home, I try to relax first. I listen to the radio or cassette player and sit and take a little bit rest. Then I help at home and prepare for the next school day.

In my free time I work with my computer, play football (basketball, volleyball, handball, tennis, badminton) or swim. I like driving my motorbike, reading books (science fiction, novels, detective stories, travels), magazines and newspapers. In winter I ski, skate and play ice-hockey with my friends.

We have our supper at seven o’clock and then I help Mum with washing up. In the evenings I take a shower or have a bath. Then I go to my room and listen to music. Sometimes I watch an interesting film or music programme on TV or a video. From time to time I travel to the city and go to the cinema or to some interesting concert or theatre performance with my friends. Occasionally I have a date with my girl-friend. Around eleven p.m. I go to bed.

My daily programme 1.



My daily programme


I am always busy and short of time. This “merry-go-round” starts on Monday morning and ends on Friday after my lessons.

I usually get up at six o’clock but it is a big problem for me because I like to sleep late. After waking up I do my hygiene routine (I wash my face and hands, brush my teeth, dry with a towel). Then I do a little exercise, get dressed and comb my hair. At seven o’clock I have my breakfast.

I must commute (dojíždět) to school every day, so at half past seven I must go to our bus station (trolley bus stop, tram stop, railway station) and get on my bus (trolley bus, tram, train). The bus is usually crowded to the top and I really envy (závidím) my school-mates who need not commute every day and can go to school on foot. (Sometimes my father takes me by his car or I ride my motorbike.)

My lessons start at about eight o’clock. Lessons are forty-five minutes long and breaks are five or ten minutes, except one “long“ break between the second and third lessons, which is twenty minutes long. Lessons take place either in our classroom or in various labs or a gym

My daily programme 1.



My daily programme


I am always busy and short of time. This “merry-go-round” starts on Monday morning and ends on Friday after my lessons.

I usually get up at six o’clock but it is a big problem for me because I like to sleep late. After waking up I do my hygiene routine (I wash my face and hands, brush my teeth, dry with a towel). Then I do a little exercise, get dressed and comb my hair. At seven o’clock I have my breakfast.

I must commute (dojíždět) to school every day, so at half past seven I must go to our bus station (trolley bus stop, tram stop, railway station) and get on my bus (trolley bus, tram, train). The bus is usually crowded to the top and I really envy (závidím) my school-mates who need not commute every day and can go to school on foot. (Sometimes my father takes me by his car or I ride my motorbike.)

My lessons start at about eight o’clock. Lessons are forty-five minutes long and breaks are five or ten minutes, except one “long“ break between the second and third lessons, which is twenty minutes long. Lessons take place either in our classroom or in various labs or a gym

Culture and literature in my life - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Culture and literature in my life

William Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet is about unhappy love and death of Romeo and Juliet, the children of two powerful houses of Verona: the house of Montague and the house of Capulet. These houses hate each other. Romeo, who is Montague, meets Juliet at a hall and falls in love with her although he knows that she is Capulet.

They ask Friar Laurence to marry them. Their marriage is a secret and by an unfortunate chance Romeo kills Juliet’s cousin. Prince of Verona sends Romeo to the exile outside Verona and young Juliet is forced to get married to a young nobleman called Paris. She asks Friar Laurence for help again. He gives her magic drops after which she falls asleep for several hours. She looks as if she was dead. Romeo learns about Juliet’s death and hurries to the Capulet’s Monument in the churchyard. He does not know about the trick and kills himself. Soon after that Juliet wakes up and when she sees Romeo dead, she kills herself too.

Culture and literature in my life - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Culture and literature in my life

William Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet is about unhappy love and death of Romeo and Juliet, the children of two powerful houses of Verona: the house of Montague and the house of Capulet. These houses hate each other. Romeo, who is Montague, meets Juliet at a hall and falls in love with her although he knows that she is Capulet.

They ask Friar Laurence to marry them. Their marriage is a secret and by an unfortunate chance Romeo kills Juliet’s cousin. Prince of Verona sends Romeo to the exile outside Verona and young Juliet is forced to get married to a young nobleman called Paris. She asks Friar Laurence for help again. He gives her magic drops after which she falls asleep for several hours. She looks as if she was dead. Romeo learns about Juliet’s death and hurries to the Capulet’s Monument in the churchyard. He does not know about the trick and kills himself. Soon after that Juliet wakes up and when she sees Romeo dead, she kills herself too.

Culture and literature in my life - William Shakespeare


Culture and literature in my life

William Shakespeare
is probably the greatest dramatist in the world and the best poet of England (over 150 beautiful sonnets). He lived in the time of Renaissance. He was born and died in Stratford-upon-Avon. He came to London and joined a group of artists. First he helped adapt or rewrite older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful.

He wrote 37 plays. His mastery lies in his human vision of moral questions and in the richness of his language. He wrote history plays, tragedies and comedies.


HISTORY PLAYS - Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Richard II, Richard III and Julius Caesar

TRAGEDIES - Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello

COMEDIES - Twelfth Night (Večer tříkrálový), As you like it (Jak se vám líbí), The Taming of
the Shrew (Zkrocení zlé ženy), Two gentlemen of Verona (Dva veronští páni),
A Midsummer Night’s dream (Sen noci svatojánské), Much Ado about Nothing
(Mnoho povyku pro nic), Merry Wives of Windsor (Veselé paničky windsorské

Culture and literature in my life - William Shakespeare


Culture and literature in my life

William Shakespeare
is probably the greatest dramatist in the world and the best poet of England (over 150 beautiful sonnets). He lived in the time of Renaissance. He was born and died in Stratford-upon-Avon. He came to London and joined a group of artists. First he helped adapt or rewrite older plays but later he started to write his own plays and he was very successful.

He wrote 37 plays. His mastery lies in his human vision of moral questions and in the richness of his language. He wrote history plays, tragedies and comedies.


HISTORY PLAYS - Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Richard II, Richard III and Julius Caesar

TRAGEDIES - Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, King Lear, Othello

COMEDIES - Twelfth Night (Večer tříkrálový), As you like it (Jak se vám líbí), The Taming of
the Shrew (Zkrocení zlé ženy), Two gentlemen of Verona (Dva veronští páni),
A Midsummer Night’s dream (Sen noci svatojánské), Much Ado about Nothing
(Mnoho povyku pro nic), Merry Wives of Windsor (Veselé paničky windsorské

Culture and literature in my life 2.

Culture and literature in my life 2.

I am fond of dancing and I became a member of a dancing club. We learned both standard dances and modern dances. Now I have no time for the dancing club, I only go occasionally to a disco in the youth club.

Concerts of classical music are usually held in some of the concert halls – Besední dům, the White House, or in a Sokol Stadium. Sometimes concerts of organ music take place in churches – there are good organs in Petrov, in Red Church, in Královo Pole (King’s Field).

When I want to learn something from history, I can go to the Spilberk castle. There is a museum of Brno history. You can see an exposition of the thirty years’ war and the famous prison in the castle (Spilberk casemates). There are a lot of other museums in Brno.

When I don’t feel like going out, I watch TV, listen to the radio or recorder, or read books. I am not a TV addict and I don’t spend hours in front of the screen. I like watching TV news, comments of home and foreign affairs, natural science programmes and good films. I don’t like violence on the screen and interrupting films by commercials.

I prefer reading books to watching TV. People usually read for relaxation or pleasure, or look for information and advice. We can buy books or borrow them from friends or from a library. We can read science fiction, fantasy, westerns, travel books, thrillers, detective stories, psychological and historical novels, adventure stories, love stories, poetry, fairy tales.

Culture and literature in my life 2.

Culture and literature in my life 2.

I am fond of dancing and I became a member of a dancing club. We learned both standard dances and modern dances. Now I have no time for the dancing club, I only go occasionally to a disco in the youth club.

Concerts of classical music are usually held in some of the concert halls – Besední dům, the White House, or in a Sokol Stadium. Sometimes concerts of organ music take place in churches – there are good organs in Petrov, in Red Church, in Královo Pole (King’s Field).

When I want to learn something from history, I can go to the Spilberk castle. There is a museum of Brno history. You can see an exposition of the thirty years’ war and the famous prison in the castle (Spilberk casemates). There are a lot of other museums in Brno.

When I don’t feel like going out, I watch TV, listen to the radio or recorder, or read books. I am not a TV addict and I don’t spend hours in front of the screen. I like watching TV news, comments of home and foreign affairs, natural science programmes and good films. I don’t like violence on the screen and interrupting films by commercials.

I prefer reading books to watching TV. People usually read for relaxation or pleasure, or look for information and advice. We can buy books or borrow them from friends or from a library. We can read science fiction, fantasy, westerns, travel books, thrillers, detective stories, psychological and historical novels, adventure stories, love stories, poetry, fairy tales.

Culture and literature in my life 1.


Culture and literature in my life


Cultural life in Brno is quite rich. There are a lot of possibilities of spending leisure time. We can go to the cinema, to the theatre, to a concert, dancing. There are about twenty cinemas in Brno that usually offer films twice a day. On Sunday afternoon they offer special films for children. In the past the cinemas were often packed and the tickets were sold out – it was necessary to buy the tickets in advance. Nowadays people prefer watching TV or video to going to the cinema. We usually buy the tickets about half an hour before the performance.

Before I decide to go to the cinema, I choose the film very carefully. I don’t like violence and blood and I am fond of witty comedies (psychological dramas) and films about young people. I like silent films with Charlie Chaplin, too.

I like going to the theatre, the opera, or to a ballet, no matter what is on, because I like the atmosphere of the theatre. People usually come dressed up and they take off their coats in the cloakroom. When we sit down, we usually read the programme to see the cast. Then the musi-cians come and begin to tune their instruments. Soon the conductor appears and the orchestra starts to play. The lights go out. The curtain goes up and the performance begins.

Culture and literature in my life 1.


Culture and literature in my life


Cultural life in Brno is quite rich. There are a lot of possibilities of spending leisure time. We can go to the cinema, to the theatre, to a concert, dancing. There are about twenty cinemas in Brno that usually offer films twice a day. On Sunday afternoon they offer special films for children. In the past the cinemas were often packed and the tickets were sold out – it was necessary to buy the tickets in advance. Nowadays people prefer watching TV or video to going to the cinema. We usually buy the tickets about half an hour before the performance.

Before I decide to go to the cinema, I choose the film very carefully. I don’t like violence and blood and I am fond of witty comedies (psychological dramas) and films about young people. I like silent films with Charlie Chaplin, too.

I like going to the theatre, the opera, or to a ballet, no matter what is on, because I like the atmosphere of the theatre. People usually come dressed up and they take off their coats in the cloakroom. When we sit down, we usually read the programme to see the cast. Then the musi-cians come and begin to tune their instruments. Soon the conductor appears and the orchestra starts to play. The lights go out. The curtain goes up and the performance begins.

Computers - Software 3.


Computers - Software 3.


Applications (such as databases, text processors, spreadsheets or even games) are widely used
in schools, offices or at home for common agenda.

(a) Database programs are used to store, organize and retrieve large amount of information on computer: they can be compared to an electronic filing cabinet.

(b) Text processors are used to store, retrieve and change information (to write letters, reports, tables or indexes (rejstříky) and they work like more sophisticated typewriters (Office).

(c) Spreadsheets (tabulky) remind of a large piece of paper divided into columns and rows (Excel).

(d) Communication software is represented by browsers (prohlížeče - Internet Explorer, Outlook Express).

They are shipped (dodávají se) with Windows package now.

The most popular communication software (program) for Internet is Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Communication software (program) for instant sending and receiving electronic mail is Outlook Express. It enables connection to the Internet.

Special software (programs) for searching addresses: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country.

Computers - Software 3.


Computers - Software 3.


Applications (such as databases, text processors, spreadsheets or even games) are widely used
in schools, offices or at home for common agenda.

(a) Database programs are used to store, organize and retrieve large amount of information on computer: they can be compared to an electronic filing cabinet.

(b) Text processors are used to store, retrieve and change information (to write letters, reports, tables or indexes (rejstříky) and they work like more sophisticated typewriters (Office).

(c) Spreadsheets (tabulky) remind of a large piece of paper divided into columns and rows (Excel).

(d) Communication software is represented by browsers (prohlížeče - Internet Explorer, Outlook Express).

They are shipped (dodávají se) with Windows package now.

The most popular communication software (program) for Internet is Microsoft Internet Explorer.

Communication software (program) for instant sending and receiving electronic mail is Outlook Express. It enables connection to the Internet.

Special software (programs) for searching addresses: Yahoo, Google, Alta-vista are mostly used abroad; Seznam, Centrum, Volny, Tiscali are mostly used in our country.

Computers - Software 2.


Computers - Software 2.


Operating systems are probably the most important part of software – the user can operate a computer (and use its programs) only after an operating system has been recorded into it. The most used operating systems are produced by Microsoft Corp.:

DOS (a text operated system) and Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, Millenium and XP (systems independent of DOS). The second biggest company Macintosh (Apple) pro- duces an operating system called Mac OS. Among other operating systems belong UNIX and Linux.

UNIX was designed to be a multitasking system - it has become an operating environment for software development, available for any type of computer.

(2) Drivers – for operating computer software it is necessary to have drivers installed into it – drivers tell the system how to cooperate with input devices such as mouse or keyboard. Nowadays most of drivers are already installed into the operating system.

Computers - Software 2.


Computers - Software 2.


Operating systems are probably the most important part of software – the user can operate a computer (and use its programs) only after an operating system has been recorded into it. The most used operating systems are produced by Microsoft Corp.:

DOS (a text operated system) and Windows 95, 98, 2000, NT, Millenium and XP (systems independent of DOS). The second biggest company Macintosh (Apple) pro- duces an operating system called Mac OS. Among other operating systems belong UNIX and Linux.

UNIX was designed to be a multitasking system - it has become an operating environment for software development, available for any type of computer.

(2) Drivers – for operating computer software it is necessary to have drivers installed into it – drivers tell the system how to cooperate with input devices such as mouse or keyboard. Nowadays most of drivers are already installed into the operating system.

Computers - Software


Computers - Software


Computers have become part of our everyday life – we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers, we read magazines which have been processed by computers. Even phone calls or bank transactions use a sophisticated computer system.

It is possible to use computers for playing games – most people, especially young people want to play games at home and buy a computer for that reason. During last years, rapid advancement of computer and infor- mation technology took place, which in turn caused rapid development of nearly all fields of science and technology.

Computers are electronic machines which can (1) accept data in a certain form, (2) process the data and (3) give out the results in a specified format as information. Three basic steps are involved in the process: (a) data is fed into a computer’s memory, (b) the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data, (c) we can see the result on the screen or in a printed form.

The electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer are called hardware, while the information in the form of data and programs is called software. Software can be divided into several sections:

Computers - Software


Computers - Software


Computers have become part of our everyday life – we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we pay bills prepared by computers, we read magazines which have been processed by computers. Even phone calls or bank transactions use a sophisticated computer system.

It is possible to use computers for playing games – most people, especially young people want to play games at home and buy a computer for that reason. During last years, rapid advancement of computer and infor- mation technology took place, which in turn caused rapid development of nearly all fields of science and technology.

Computers are electronic machines which can (1) accept data in a certain form, (2) process the data and (3) give out the results in a specified format as information. Three basic steps are involved in the process: (a) data is fed into a computer’s memory, (b) the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data, (c) we can see the result on the screen or in a printed form.

The electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer are called hardware, while the information in the form of data and programs is called software. Software can be divided into several sections:

Machine Answers the Phone


Machine Answers the Phone


A very ingenious combination of a telephone and a tape-recorder was developed: it goes under the name of Ansafone (answer the phone), because it chief task is to answer the phone in the absence of people and to record messages.

If you phone somebody who happens to be out of the house, the phone is answered by the machine which automatically replies: “This is (here follows the telephone number), Mr X’s Ansafone. The Ansa-fone will record any message you may wish to leave. Please speak slowly and clearly and begin speaking now.”

As you replace the receiver the Ansafone automatically switches itself off and is then ready to receive the next message. The tape is sufficiently long to take down approximately a dozen normal messages. When the tape has reached its maximum recording capacity, it will no longer answer the phone.

On return home the owner simply rewinds the tape and plays back all the messages that have been recorded in his absence.

Machine Answers the Phone


Machine Answers the Phone


A very ingenious combination of a telephone and a tape-recorder was developed: it goes under the name of Ansafone (answer the phone), because it chief task is to answer the phone in the absence of people and to record messages.

If you phone somebody who happens to be out of the house, the phone is answered by the machine which automatically replies: “This is (here follows the telephone number), Mr X’s Ansafone. The Ansa-fone will record any message you may wish to leave. Please speak slowly and clearly and begin speaking now.”

As you replace the receiver the Ansafone automatically switches itself off and is then ready to receive the next message. The tape is sufficiently long to take down approximately a dozen normal messages. When the tape has reached its maximum recording capacity, it will no longer answer the phone.

On return home the owner simply rewinds the tape and plays back all the messages that have been recorded in his absence.

Hobbies and interests 3.

Hobbies and interests 3.

Many students are members of a sports club or a hobby group. For example, animal lovers take care of their dogs, cats, parrots and horses. There are several sports clubs – athletics, basketball, volleyball, handball, judo and swimming. Nowadays lots of students go to fitness centres to keep fit. In our school there are several hobby groups – e.g. Shooting Club, Chess Club, Tourism Group, Ceramics Group.

Many students would like to make use of their hobbies in their future jobs, e.g. working with a computer but it is not so easy. If you have a vision for your future you cannot be 100 % sure it will happen exactly as you like.

Hobbies are very important for everybody. A man would be very poor without a hobby and would not be satisfied. Hobbies work like a cure if you are tired or feeling sad. It helps you in many ways. I really cannot imagine the world without hobbies.

Hobbies and interests 3.

Hobbies and interests 3.

Many students are members of a sports club or a hobby group. For example, animal lovers take care of their dogs, cats, parrots and horses. There are several sports clubs – athletics, basketball, volleyball, handball, judo and swimming. Nowadays lots of students go to fitness centres to keep fit. In our school there are several hobby groups – e.g. Shooting Club, Chess Club, Tourism Group, Ceramics Group.

Many students would like to make use of their hobbies in their future jobs, e.g. working with a computer but it is not so easy. If you have a vision for your future you cannot be 100 % sure it will happen exactly as you like.

Hobbies are very important for everybody. A man would be very poor without a hobby and would not be satisfied. Hobbies work like a cure if you are tired or feeling sad. It helps you in many ways. I really cannot imagine the world without hobbies.

Hobbies and interests 2.

Hobbies and interests 2.

It is a pity that now I have so little free time. I cannot devote so much time to sports as I used to. Now I sometimes play football, floorball or basketball, especially during our Physical Training (PT) lessons, from time to time I go to play tennis and volleyball.

If you ask what are the most common hobbies in our country here is the answer: Many families have their cottages (weekend houses) and spend a lot of time there - they work in their gardens, grow fruits, vegetables and nice flowers, they cut grass and repair the old house.

The other popular hobby is watching TV or a video (it is not so useful for your eyes and mind when you spend too much time sitting in front of your TV set). Many people like to spend their leisure time reading books (science fiction, novels, detective stories, travels), magazines and newspapers. Other people prefer music: they either play a musical instrument, sing to them-selves or listen to their favourite music.

Going out can be very expensive now. You can go to the cinema, to a concert or theatre perfor- mance or you can have a chat with your friends in some nice café or restaurant. Some people visit art galleries and museums. Lots of people like travelling.

Hobbies and interests 2.

Hobbies and interests 2.

It is a pity that now I have so little free time. I cannot devote so much time to sports as I used to. Now I sometimes play football, floorball or basketball, especially during our Physical Training (PT) lessons, from time to time I go to play tennis and volleyball.

If you ask what are the most common hobbies in our country here is the answer: Many families have their cottages (weekend houses) and spend a lot of time there - they work in their gardens, grow fruits, vegetables and nice flowers, they cut grass and repair the old house.

The other popular hobby is watching TV or a video (it is not so useful for your eyes and mind when you spend too much time sitting in front of your TV set). Many people like to spend their leisure time reading books (science fiction, novels, detective stories, travels), magazines and newspapers. Other people prefer music: they either play a musical instrument, sing to them-selves or listen to their favourite music.

Going out can be very expensive now. You can go to the cinema, to a concert or theatre perfor- mance or you can have a chat with your friends in some nice café or restaurant. Some people visit art galleries and museums. Lots of people like travelling.

Hobbies and interests


Hobbies and interests


People usually have hobbies and interests. Some hobbies are expensive (golf), some are dangerous (bungee jumping), some are romantic (boating), some are very time-consuming (modelling).

When I was five I liked collecting airplane models. I could not collect stamps, posters, badges or butterflies like others. Later I myself started building models of airplanes. Then I started playing chess. When I was about ten I started practice skiing – both downhill and cross-country skiing, also skating and playing ice-hockey. I also began to attend judo lessons because I found it useful for my self-protection. At the end of our primary school I started playing tennis. This sport is popular all around the world.

I have a good friend Peter – his hobbies are playing the piano and guitar, painting, hiking, cycling, mountaineering (rock climbing), roller-skating and skate-boarding. Sometimes we go out together cycling and mountaineering.


Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně

Hobbies and interests


Hobbies and interests


People usually have hobbies and interests. Some hobbies are expensive (golf), some are dangerous (bungee jumping), some are romantic (boating), some are very time-consuming (modelling).

When I was five I liked collecting airplane models. I could not collect stamps, posters, badges or butterflies like others. Later I myself started building models of airplanes. Then I started playing chess. When I was about ten I started practice skiing – both downhill and cross-country skiing, also skating and playing ice-hockey. I also began to attend judo lessons because I found it useful for my self-protection. At the end of our primary school I started playing tennis. This sport is popular all around the world.

I have a good friend Peter – his hobbies are playing the piano and guitar, painting, hiking, cycling, mountaineering (rock climbing), roller-skating and skate-boarding. Sometimes we go out together cycling and mountaineering.


Článek podporuje:
inline hokej, nordic skating, helmy levně

Future plans and career choices 2.

What about the risk of uneployment?

It is often very hard for young people who just finish their studies to find a job. Many people who find themselves unemployed try to improve their chances of getting some job by attending various vocational training courses (tím, že navštěvují kurzy odborné přípravy).

At present, the rate of unemployment is steadily increasing. In some cases, you may find that neither the employment agencies (úřady práce), nor the unemployment benefit (podpora v neza- městnanosti) are able to help you. In this situation you must help yourself.

With the development of industry and technology many new professions have appeared (se ob- jevilo), such as mechanic, driver, electrician, tinsmith (klempíř), design engineer (konstruktér), welder (svářeč), plumber (instalatér), locksmith (zámečník), programmer (programátor), and more are being added every year.

Some of the more popular careers are economist, lawyer (právník), manager, airhostess, singer, actor, customs officer, financial consultant, businessman, journalist, sales representative (obchodní zástupce) etc.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
2, My Plans for future
Future plans and career choices 1.
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Future plans and career choices 2.

What about the risk of uneployment?

It is often very hard for young people who just finish their studies to find a job. Many people who find themselves unemployed try to improve their chances of getting some job by attending various vocational training courses (tím, že navštěvují kurzy odborné přípravy).

At present, the rate of unemployment is steadily increasing. In some cases, you may find that neither the employment agencies (úřady práce), nor the unemployment benefit (podpora v neza- městnanosti) are able to help you. In this situation you must help yourself.

With the development of industry and technology many new professions have appeared (se ob- jevilo), such as mechanic, driver, electrician, tinsmith (klempíř), design engineer (konstruktér), welder (svářeč), plumber (instalatér), locksmith (zámečník), programmer (programátor), and more are being added every year.

Some of the more popular careers are economist, lawyer (právník), manager, airhostess, singer, actor, customs officer, financial consultant, businessman, journalist, sales representative (obchodní zástupce) etc.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
2, My Plans for future
Future plans and career choices 1.
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Future plans and career choices 1.

What are my future plans?

I often wonder about my future because I am going to finish secondary school. The number one question on my mind (trápí mě, doléhá na mě) is which profession should I choose. It is very hard to make any definite choice because I know it will affect me for the rest of my life. I want a profession that will satisfy me (bude uspokojovat), challenge me (stimulovat) and bring me joy.
I believe that a job should be like a hobby. I want to love my work.

First of all, I want to finish this secondary school. The first important exam of my life is the school-leaving exam called maturita. After my graduation I would like to go on my studies at university. (I would not like to go on my studies, I would like to go to work.)

After graduation there are many different career opportunities. You can work in manufacturing (ve výrobě), in service, agriculture or business. Everyone has to decide which path is the best for him, once he finishes elementary school. One option is to continue studies at secondary school. The second option is to choose another branch of the educational system. It is very important to consider your interests (zájmy) when you choose your future profession.


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2, My Plans for future
Future plans and career choices 2.
Články na hledaný výraz "Studies, Job, My Future Career" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Future plans and career choices 1.

What are my future plans?

I often wonder about my future because I am going to finish secondary school. The number one question on my mind (trápí mě, doléhá na mě) is which profession should I choose. It is very hard to make any definite choice because I know it will affect me for the rest of my life. I want a profession that will satisfy me (bude uspokojovat), challenge me (stimulovat) and bring me joy.
I believe that a job should be like a hobby. I want to love my work.

First of all, I want to finish this secondary school. The first important exam of my life is the school-leaving exam called maturita. After my graduation I would like to go on my studies at university. (I would not like to go on my studies, I would like to go to work.)

After graduation there are many different career opportunities. You can work in manufacturing (ve výrobě), in service, agriculture or business. Everyone has to decide which path is the best for him, once he finishes elementary school. One option is to continue studies at secondary school. The second option is to choose another branch of the educational system. It is very important to consider your interests (zájmy) when you choose your future profession.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
2, My Plans for future
Future plans and career choices 2.
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Health and diseases 3.

There are different types of physicians: a general practitioner (GP) [præk ˡtišənə] (praktický l.), dentist, surgeon [sə:džn] (chirurg), oculist [okjulist] (oční), pediatrician [pi:diə ˡtrišən] (dětský), gynaecologist [gaini ˡkoledžist], psychiatrist [sai ˡkaiətrist], dermatologist [də:mə ˡtolədžist], orthopaedic specialists [o:θə ˡpi:dik spešəlists] etc.

In more serious cases or if we get injured we can call the doctor to our home. Sometimes we may be taken to hospital by an ambulance [æmbjuləns] (sanitkou). After the operation or the serious illness, the patients are sent to spas for rehabilitation.

I am quite healthy but sometimes I suffer from flu. The flu starts with a cold and a sore throat. I feel unwell and I am sick. I have no appetite. I quite often have a temperature. So I have to go to the doctor’s. The doctor asks me about my problems and examines me. Then he writes a prescription and invites me for the next visit. I go home, I stay in bed, I drink herbal tea with lemon and I sweat. In a week I feel well.

Which things are the most important to take care of the health? It is not smoking, taking regular exercise, eating good quality food, having regular check-ups, dieting to keep the weight down, not drinking alcohol, taking vitamins, hardening the body etc.


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Health
Health and diseases 1.
Health and diseases 2.
The human body, health and diseases
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Health and diseases 3.

There are different types of physicians: a general practitioner (GP) [præk ˡtišənə] (praktický l.), dentist, surgeon [sə:džn] (chirurg), oculist [okjulist] (oční), pediatrician [pi:diə ˡtrišən] (dětský), gynaecologist [gaini ˡkoledžist], psychiatrist [sai ˡkaiətrist], dermatologist [də:mə ˡtolədžist], orthopaedic specialists [o:θə ˡpi:dik spešəlists] etc.

In more serious cases or if we get injured we can call the doctor to our home. Sometimes we may be taken to hospital by an ambulance [æmbjuləns] (sanitkou). After the operation or the serious illness, the patients are sent to spas for rehabilitation.

I am quite healthy but sometimes I suffer from flu. The flu starts with a cold and a sore throat. I feel unwell and I am sick. I have no appetite. I quite often have a temperature. So I have to go to the doctor’s. The doctor asks me about my problems and examines me. Then he writes a prescription and invites me for the next visit. I go home, I stay in bed, I drink herbal tea with lemon and I sweat. In a week I feel well.

Which things are the most important to take care of the health? It is not smoking, taking regular exercise, eating good quality food, having regular check-ups, dieting to keep the weight down, not drinking alcohol, taking vitamins, hardening the body etc.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Health
Health and diseases 1.
Health and diseases 2.
The human body, health and diseases
Články na hledaný výraz "Medical Care, Health and Diseases" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Health and diseases 2.

If we feel unwell, we decide to see a doctor. It is better to make an appointment with the doctor in his surgery time. Then the nurse says “Next please”and invites us into the consulting room (ordinace). The doctor usually asks what the trouble is. He wants to know if we have a tempera- ture, good appetite and where we feel pain. He also wants us to open our mouth. We have to say how we feel, if we have a headache, a sore throat, a cold, a cough, or if we are sick and hoarse.

Finally the doctor diagnoses the case and therapy and prescribes a medicine. Most often we suffer from a common infection such as flu (chřipka), angina [æn ˡdžainə], tonsillitis [ˌtonsi ˡlaitis] (zánět mandlí) or bronchitis [ˌbron ˡkaitis] (zánět průdušek), diarrhoea [daiə ˡriə] (průjem), constipation [ˌkonsti ˡpeišn] (zácpa). At the pharmacy (at the chemist’s in Britain) (v lékárně) we get pills, drops or vitamins [vitəminz]. We can also buy some medicinal herbs to prepare herbal tea. Then we usually stay in bed, take pills, drops or vitamins, drink herbal tea with lemon and sugar or honey, keep warm, sweat [swet] and gargle [ga:gl] (v teple, potíme se, kloktáme). After a week or two we feel well again.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Health
Health and diseases 1.
Health and diseases 3.
The human body, health and diseases
Články na hledaný výraz "Medical Care, Health and Diseases" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Health and diseases 2.

If we feel unwell, we decide to see a doctor. It is better to make an appointment with the doctor in his surgery time. Then the nurse says “Next please”and invites us into the consulting room (ordinace). The doctor usually asks what the trouble is. He wants to know if we have a tempera- ture, good appetite and where we feel pain. He also wants us to open our mouth. We have to say how we feel, if we have a headache, a sore throat, a cold, a cough, or if we are sick and hoarse.

Finally the doctor diagnoses the case and therapy and prescribes a medicine. Most often we suffer from a common infection such as flu (chřipka), angina [æn ˡdžainə], tonsillitis [ˌtonsi ˡlaitis] (zánět mandlí) or bronchitis [ˌbron ˡkaitis] (zánět průdušek), diarrhoea [daiə ˡriə] (průjem), constipation [ˌkonsti ˡpeišn] (zácpa). At the pharmacy (at the chemist’s in Britain) (v lékárně) we get pills, drops or vitamins [vitəminz]. We can also buy some medicinal herbs to prepare herbal tea. Then we usually stay in bed, take pills, drops or vitamins, drink herbal tea with lemon and sugar or honey, keep warm, sweat [swet] and gargle [ga:gl] (v teple, potíme se, kloktáme). After a week or two we feel well again.


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Health
Health and diseases 1.
Health and diseases 3.
The human body, health and diseases
Články na hledaný výraz "Medical Care, Health and Diseases" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Health and diseases 1.

Everybody in this country has the right to choose a doctor. We can choose state or private doctors. All our citizens (občané) are covered by health insurance [in ˡšuərəns]. Employers pay insurance for their employees, private people must pay for their insurance themselves and the state pays insurance for children and retired [ri ˡtaiəd] people (důchodce).

Medical care in this country is provided (poskytována) from birth to death. Each school child is under medical supervision (pod lékařským dozorem) which means that he or she has to undergo (podstoupit) preventive medical and dental check-ups. Children often suffer from children’s diseases such as otitis [əu ˡtaitis] (zánět středního ucha), measles [mi:zlz] (spalničky), smallpox [smo:lpoks] (neštovice) or rubeola [rubiələ] (zarděnky).


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Health
Health and diseases 2.
Health and diseases 3.
The human body, health and diseases
Články na hledaný výraz "Medical Care, Health and Diseases" naleznete na bezuceni.cz

Health and diseases 1.

Everybody in this country has the right to choose a doctor. We can choose state or private doctors. All our citizens (občané) are covered by health insurance [in ˡšuərəns]. Employers pay insurance for their employees, private people must pay for their insurance themselves and the state pays insurance for children and retired [ri ˡtaiəd] people (důchodce).

Medical care in this country is provided (poskytována) from birth to death. Each school child is under medical supervision (pod lékařským dozorem) which means that he or she has to undergo (podstoupit) preventive medical and dental check-ups. Children often suffer from children’s diseases such as otitis [əu ˡtaitis] (zánět středního ucha), measles [mi:zlz] (spalničky), smallpox [smo:lpoks] (neštovice) or rubeola [rubiələ] (zarděnky).


Další zdroje o tomto tématu naleznete zde:
Health
Health and diseases 2.
Health and diseases 3.
The human body, health and diseases
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My country 3.

My country 3.

South Bohemia is known for its large and numerous ponds. Fresh fish are farmed there, mostly carp. The Czech Republic has a large number of spas. Spa services have a long tradition. The most famous are Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Františkovy Lázně, Janské Lázně. Other important spas can be found in Moravia – e.g. Luhačovice.

Our country is rich in minerals. Black and brown coal, lignite, sand for glass-making etc are mined here. Most of the industry is traditionally located in the northern part of the country. Other industrial branches include metallurgy (Ostrava area), heavy machinery industry (Brno, Plzeň, Prague), petrochemicals (Litvínov, Ústí nad Labem) and the consumer industry – glass-making, costume jewellery. Czech beer and wine making have a long tradition and popularity both at home and abroad.

For agriculture and crop farming, lowlands are important. The largest Czech lowland is Polabská Lowland. In lowlands the following crops are grown: sugar beet, sunflowers, fruits and vegetables, barley and wheat.

On January 1st, 1993, the former Czechoslovakia split into two countries: The Czech Republic and The Slovak Republic. Both countries adopted new constitutions.

The head of the State of the Czech Republic is the President. He is elected for a four-year term. But the real power has the Parliament and the Government.

My country 3.

My country 3.

South Bohemia is known for its large and numerous ponds. Fresh fish are farmed there, mostly carp. The Czech Republic has a large number of spas. Spa services have a long tradition. The most famous are Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Františkovy Lázně, Janské Lázně. Other important spas can be found in Moravia – e.g. Luhačovice.

Our country is rich in minerals. Black and brown coal, lignite, sand for glass-making etc are mined here. Most of the industry is traditionally located in the northern part of the country. Other industrial branches include metallurgy (Ostrava area), heavy machinery industry (Brno, Plzeň, Prague), petrochemicals (Litvínov, Ústí nad Labem) and the consumer industry – glass-making, costume jewellery. Czech beer and wine making have a long tradition and popularity both at home and abroad.

For agriculture and crop farming, lowlands are important. The largest Czech lowland is Polabská Lowland. In lowlands the following crops are grown: sugar beet, sunflowers, fruits and vegetables, barley and wheat.

On January 1st, 1993, the former Czechoslovakia split into two countries: The Czech Republic and The Slovak Republic. Both countries adopted new constitutions.

The head of the State of the Czech Republic is the President. He is elected for a four-year term. But the real power has the Parliament and the Government.

My country 2.

My country 2.

The surface of our country is rather hilly. The western border is formed by the Ore Mountains (Krušné hory). In south there is the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) where we can find a lot of swamps (močály). It is known for its original virgin forest (pravý prales). There are a lot of old trees and bushes.

It is dangerous for tourists to walk there on their own. The highest mountains are the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše). There is also the highest peak in the Czech Republic – Sněžka – its height is 1,602 m. There are a lot of other mountains in our republic but I would like to talk about some very interesting places. I like sandy rocks (pískovcové skály) in Český ráj or stalactite caves (krápníkové jeskyně) in Moravský kras. The deepest abyss (propast), called Macocha, is 137 m deep. It is also situated in Moravský kras.

The Czech Republic has no sea but thanks to the Elbe and the Oder we can use the ports of the neigbouring countries (Germany and Poland). The Elbe has its source in the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše); the largest and most important tributary of the Elbe is the Vltava river. The river Morava and its tributary Dyje flow into the Danube (Dunaj), which flows into the Black Sea.

My country 2.

My country 2.

The surface of our country is rather hilly. The western border is formed by the Ore Mountains (Krušné hory). In south there is the Bohemian Forest (Šumava) where we can find a lot of swamps (močály). It is known for its original virgin forest (pravý prales). There are a lot of old trees and bushes.

It is dangerous for tourists to walk there on their own. The highest mountains are the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše). There is also the highest peak in the Czech Republic – Sněžka – its height is 1,602 m. There are a lot of other mountains in our republic but I would like to talk about some very interesting places. I like sandy rocks (pískovcové skály) in Český ráj or stalactite caves (krápníkové jeskyně) in Moravský kras. The deepest abyss (propast), called Macocha, is 137 m deep. It is also situated in Moravský kras.

The Czech Republic has no sea but thanks to the Elbe and the Oder we can use the ports of the neigbouring countries (Germany and Poland). The Elbe has its source in the Giant Mountains (Krkonoše); the largest and most important tributary of the Elbe is the Vltava river. The river Morava and its tributary Dyje flow into the Danube (Dunaj), which flows into the Black Sea.

My country 1.



My country


The Czech Republic is situated in Central Europe. It is said it lies in the heart of Europe. The Czech Republic is an inland country. Its area is 78,864 km² and it is located in the tem- perate climatic zone.

Our republic has four neighbours. In the north it borders on Poland and in the south on Austria.The shortest border is with Slovakia in the east and the longest with Germany in the west.

The Czech Republic has a population of about 10.3 million. Some inhabitants live in Bohemia, others in Moravia and some in Silesia. Besides Czechs, Moravians and Silesians, different national minorities live here as well.

There are Slovaks, Poles, Germans, Hungarians and Romanians. The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague. Its population is more than 1.2 million people.

My country 1.



My country


The Czech Republic is situated in Central Europe. It is said it lies in the heart of Europe. The Czech Republic is an inland country. Its area is 78,864 km² and it is located in the tem- perate climatic zone.

Our republic has four neighbours. In the north it borders on Poland and in the south on Austria.The shortest border is with Slovakia in the east and the longest with Germany in the west.

The Czech Republic has a population of about 10.3 million. Some inhabitants live in Bohemia, others in Moravia and some in Silesia. Besides Czechs, Moravians and Silesians, different national minorities live here as well.

There are Slovaks, Poles, Germans, Hungarians and Romanians. The capital of the Czech Republic is Prague. Its population is more than 1.2 million people.

Prague 3.


Prague 3.


The Prague Castle is the seat of president. We can find there many gothic, renaissance and baroque houses and palaces. The monumental complex of the castle includes three courtyards and over 700 rooms with the late Gothic Vladislav Hall and the newly redecorated Spanish Hall and Rudolf Gallery.

The most impressive building at the castle is St. Vitus Cathedral. The cathedral was projected by two big architects Petr Parléř and Matyáš z Arrasu. Next impressive building in the Prague castle is Basilica of St. George. In the castle we can find many palaces with gardens too. One of famous is Schwarzenberg Palace. The famous part of the castle is Golden Lane. During the reign of Rudolf II. a lot of tradesmen lived here in the small houses built into the castle walls.

Near the Prague castle is situated hill Petřín with the famous Observation Tower. On Petřín is the second biggest stadium of the world Strahov. We can find there Strahov Monastery too. It is a seat of a big library. The Lesser Town is one of most beautiful parts in Prague. There is St. Nicholas church here. It was built in baroque style.

Over the river Vltava, one of the most famous parts of Prague is the Old Town Square with an astronomical clock. Next famous square is St. Wenceslas Square - we call this square the centre of Prague. There are a lot of expensive and luxurious hotels and shops. In Prague we can find many historical buildings and speaking about them would be very long.

Prague 3.


Prague 3.


The Prague Castle is the seat of president. We can find there many gothic, renaissance and baroque houses and palaces. The monumental complex of the castle includes three courtyards and over 700 rooms with the late Gothic Vladislav Hall and the newly redecorated Spanish Hall and Rudolf Gallery.

The most impressive building at the castle is St. Vitus Cathedral. The cathedral was projected by two big architects Petr Parléř and Matyáš z Arrasu. Next impressive building in the Prague castle is Basilica of St. George. In the castle we can find many palaces with gardens too. One of famous is Schwarzenberg Palace. The famous part of the castle is Golden Lane. During the reign of Rudolf II. a lot of tradesmen lived here in the small houses built into the castle walls.

Near the Prague castle is situated hill Petřín with the famous Observation Tower. On Petřín is the second biggest stadium of the world Strahov. We can find there Strahov Monastery too. It is a seat of a big library. The Lesser Town is one of most beautiful parts in Prague. There is St. Nicholas church here. It was built in baroque style.

Over the river Vltava, one of the most famous parts of Prague is the Old Town Square with an astronomical clock. Next famous square is St. Wenceslas Square - we call this square the centre of Prague. There are a lot of expensive and luxurious hotels and shops. In Prague we can find many historical buildings and speaking about them would be very long.

Prague 2.

Prague 2.

At the end of the 16th century Prague regained its cosmopolitan character again when it became the seat of Rudolf II. On November 8, 1620 the Czech estates rose up against the Habsburg and were defeated in the Battle of the White Mountain. A few months later, in 1621, 27 representatives of the uprising were executed in the Old Town Square. The Thirty Years War, recatholicization and germanization followed.

At the end of the 18th century Prague became centre of Czech cultural life when Czech scholars and writers began process of the national revival. In 1918 Prague was capital of the independent Czechoslovakia. In 1939 it was occupied by German troops and in 1942 severely persecuted after the assassination of the Nazi deputy protector Reinhard Heydrich. After the Prague Uprising against the fascists the town was liberated by the Russian army on 9th May, 1945.

The August occupation of Prague in 1968 stopped the democratic reforms in the country and began the process of normalization. On 17th November, 1989 the Velvet Revolution began democratic changes in our society. The whole process continued with the splitting of Czechoslovakia into two independent states. Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.

Prague 2.

Prague 2.

At the end of the 16th century Prague regained its cosmopolitan character again when it became the seat of Rudolf II. On November 8, 1620 the Czech estates rose up against the Habsburg and were defeated in the Battle of the White Mountain. A few months later, in 1621, 27 representatives of the uprising were executed in the Old Town Square. The Thirty Years War, recatholicization and germanization followed.

At the end of the 18th century Prague became centre of Czech cultural life when Czech scholars and writers began process of the national revival. In 1918 Prague was capital of the independent Czechoslovakia. In 1939 it was occupied by German troops and in 1942 severely persecuted after the assassination of the Nazi deputy protector Reinhard Heydrich. After the Prague Uprising against the fascists the town was liberated by the Russian army on 9th May, 1945.

The August occupation of Prague in 1968 stopped the democratic reforms in the country and began the process of normalization. On 17th November, 1989 the Velvet Revolution began democratic changes in our society. The whole process continued with the splitting of Czechoslovakia into two independent states. Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.

Prague 1.


Prague
1.

Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic, the seat of the President, Government and Parliament and the political, cultural and economic centre of the country. It spreads out on both banks of the river Vltava in the centre of Bohemia. It covers area about 500 km2 and it has 1.2 million inhabitants.

A legend connects the foundation of Prague with Princess Libuše.

In the 9th century Prince Bořivoj founded a castle above Vltava and it became the seat of the Princess. In next centuries Prague became the centre of the country.

Charles IV. (from Luxembourg dynasty) established an archbishop, founded Charles University and New Town and promoted the construction of Charles Bridge and St. Vitus Cathedral.

In the 15th century Prague became the centre of the Hussite movement. In 1420 Jan Žižka defeated crusaders on Vítkov hill.

Prague 1.


Prague
1.

Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic, the seat of the President, Government and Parliament and the political, cultural and economic centre of the country. It spreads out on both banks of the river Vltava in the centre of Bohemia. It covers area about 500 km2 and it has 1.2 million inhabitants.

A legend connects the foundation of Prague with Princess Libuše.

In the 9th century Prince Bořivoj founded a castle above Vltava and it became the seat of the Princess. In next centuries Prague became the centre of the country.

Charles IV. (from Luxembourg dynasty) established an archbishop, founded Charles University and New Town and promoted the construction of Charles Bridge and St. Vitus Cathedral.

In the 15th century Prague became the centre of the Hussite movement. In 1420 Jan Žižka defeated crusaders on Vítkov hill.

Computers - HW 3.

Computers - HW 3.

9. How do computers help us?

Air traffic, railway traffic, ship traffic and military operations as well as complicated surgical operations can be hardly performed without use of computers. In factories - CAD (computer-aided design), CAE (computer-aided engineering), CAM (computer-aided manufacturing). In offices - Office pack serves for administrative work. In banks – to carry out complicated financial transactions at high speed. In sports - to record results of competitions, current positions of sportsmen / riders. Entertainment – games, song lyrics, music, animation. Communication – to connect people around the world (Internet, e-mail).

10. How can computers be misused?
Shooting and adventure games have a bad influence on children – they instruct them how to be aggressiveand violent. Computers can be misused by robbers to make illegal transactions of large amounts of money. By hackers who via Internet break into your computer, steal your personal data and misuse them, who produce computer viruses which can cause the collapse of big companies. By terrorists to plan & perform terrorist actions (the attack of Al Kaida on the World Trade Center).

11. What computer companies are most famous on the market?
IBM, Microsoft, AMD, Intel, Hewlett & Packard, Toshiba, Cannon, Epson…

12. How many bits can a microprocessor work with at a time?
8, 16, 32, 64 bits

13. What influences the performance of a computer?
The speed of its microprocessor.